Android Studio 中使用 SQLite 数据库开发完整指南(Kotlin版本)

06-01 1505阅读

Android Studio 中使用 SQLite 数据库开发完整指南(Kotlin版本)

文章目录

    • 1. 项目准备
      • 1.1 创建新项目
      • 1.2 添加必要依赖
      • 2. 数据库设计
      • 3. 实现数据库
        • 3.1 创建实体类 (Entity)
        • 3.2 创建数据访问对象 (DAO)
        • 3.3 创建数据库类
        • 4. 创建 Repository
        • 5. 创建 ViewModel
        • 6. 实现 UI 层
          • 6.1 创建笔记列表 Activity
            • activity_notes_list.xml
            • NotesListActivity.kt
            • 6.2 创建笔记详情 Activity
              • activity_note_detail.xml
              • NoteDetailActivity.kt
              • 6.3 创建 RecyclerView Adapter
              • 6.4 创建 Application 类
              • 7. 添加菜单资源
              • 8. 添加字符串资源
              • 9. 添加图标资源
              • 10. 运行和测试应用
              • 11. 数据库调试技巧
                • 11.1 查看数据库内容
                • 11.2 使用 Stetho 进行调试
                • 12. 数据库迁移
                  • 12.1 修改实体类
                  • 12.2 更新数据库版本
                  • 12.3 添加迁移策略
                  • 13. 性能优化建议
                  • 14. 完整项目结构
                  • 15. 总结

                    Android Studio 中使用 SQLite 数据库开发完整指南(Kotlin版本)

                    1. 项目准备

                    1.1 创建新项目

                    1. 打开 Android Studio
                    2. 选择 “Start a new Android Studio project”
                    3. 选择 “Empty Activity” 模板
                    4. 设置项目名称(例如 “SQLiteDemo”)
                    5. 选择语言(Kotlin 或 Java,本教程以 Kotlin 为例)
                    6. 设置最低 API 级别(建议 API 21 或更高)
                    7. 点击 “Finish” 完成项目创建

                    1.2 添加必要依赖

                    确保 build.gradle (Module: app) 中包含以下依赖:

                    dependencies {
                        implementation 'androidx.core:core-ktx:1.7.0'
                        implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.4.1'
                        implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.5.0'
                        implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.1.3'
                        
                        // Room 数据库(SQLite 的抽象层)
                        implementation "androidx.room:room-runtime:2.4.2"
                        implementation "androidx.room:room-ktx:2.4.2"
                        kapt "androidx.room:room-compiler:2.4.2"
                        
                        // 协程支持
                        implementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-android:1.6.0'
                        
                        // ViewModel 和 LiveData
                        implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel-ktx:2.4.1"
                        implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-livedata-ktx:2.4.1"
                        
                        testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.2'
                        androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.3'
                        androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.4.0'
                    }
                    

                    点击 “Sync Now” 同步项目。

                    2. 数据库设计

                    假设我们要创建一个简单的笔记应用,包含以下数据表:

                    • notes 表:
                      • id: 主键,自增
                      • title: 笔记标题
                      • content: 笔记内容
                      • created_at: 创建时间
                      • updated_at: 更新时间

                        3. 实现数据库

                        3.1 创建实体类 (Entity)

                        在 com.yourpackage.model 包下创建 Note.kt 文件:

                        import androidx.room.Entity
                        import androidx.room.PrimaryKey
                        import java.util.*
                        @Entity(tableName = "notes")
                        data class Note(
                            @PrimaryKey(autoGenerate = true)
                            val id: Long = 0,
                            
                            var title: String,
                            var content: String,
                            
                            val created_at: Date = Date(),
                            var updated_at: Date = Date()
                        )
                        

                        3.2 创建数据访问对象 (DAO)

                        在 com.yourpackage.dao 包下创建 NoteDao.kt 文件:

                        import androidx.lifecycle.LiveData
                        import androidx.room.*
                        import com.yourpackage.model.Note
                        @Dao
                        interface NoteDao {
                            
                            @Insert(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.REPLACE)
                            suspend fun insertNote(note: Note): Long
                            
                            @Update
                            suspend fun updateNote(note: Note)
                            
                            @Delete
                            suspend fun deleteNote(note: Note)
                            
                            @Query("SELECT * FROM notes ORDER BY updated_at DESC")
                            fun getAllNotes(): LiveData
                            
                            @Query("SELECT * FROM notes WHERE id = :noteId")
                            suspend fun getNoteById(noteId: Long): Note?
                            
                            @Query("SELECT * FROM notes WHERE title LIKE :query OR content LIKE :query ORDER BY updated_at DESC")
                            fun searchNotes(query: String): LiveData
                        }
                        

                        3.3 创建数据库类

                        在 com.yourpackage.database 包下创建 AppDatabase.kt 文件:

                        import android.content.Context
                        import androidx.room.Database
                        import androidx.room.Room
                        import androidx.room.RoomDatabase
                        import com.yourpackage.dao.NoteDao
                        import com.yourpackage.model.Note
                        @Database(entities = [Note::class], version = 1, exportSchema = false)
                        abstract class AppDatabase : RoomDatabase() {
                            
                            abstract fun noteDao(): NoteDao
                            
                            companion object {
                                @Volatile
                                private var INSTANCE: AppDatabase? = null
                                
                                fun getDatabase(context: Context): AppDatabase {
                                    return INSTANCE ?: synchronized(this) {
                                        val instance = Room.databaseBuilder(
                                            context.applicationContext,
                                            AppDatabase::class.java,
                                            "notes_database"
                                        )
                                            .fallbackToDestructiveMigration() // 数据库升级策略,简单应用可以这样设置
                                            .build()
                                        INSTANCE = instance
                                        instance
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        

                        4. 创建 Repository

                        在 com.yourpackage.repository 包下创建 NoteRepository.kt 文件:

                        import androidx.lifecycle.LiveData
                        import com.yourpackage.dao.NoteDao
                        import com.yourpackage.model.Note
                        import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
                        import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
                        class NoteRepository(private val noteDao: NoteDao) {
                            
                            val allNotes: LiveData = noteDao.getAllNotes()
                            
                            suspend fun insert(note: Note): Long {
                                return withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
                                    noteDao.insertNote(note)
                                }
                            }
                            
                            suspend fun update(note: Note) {
                                withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
                                    note.updated_at = Date()
                                    noteDao.updateNote(note)
                                }
                            }
                            
                            suspend fun delete(note: Note) {
                                withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
                                    noteDao.deleteNote(note)
                                }
                            }
                            
                            suspend fun getNoteById(id: Long): Note? {
                                return withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
                                    noteDao.getNoteById(id)
                                }
                            }
                            
                            fun searchNotes(query: String): LiveData {
                                return noteDao.searchNotes("%$query%")
                            }
                        }
                        

                        5. 创建 ViewModel

                        在 com.yourpackage.viewmodel 包下创建 NoteViewModel.kt 文件:

                        import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel
                        import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProvider
                        import androidx.lifecycle.asLiveData
                        import androidx.lifecycle.viewModelScope
                        import com.yourpackage.model.Note
                        import com.yourpackage.repository.NoteRepository
                        import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
                        class NoteViewModel(private val repository: NoteRepository) : ViewModel() {
                            
                            val allNotes = repository.allNotes
                            
                            fun insert(note: Note) = viewModelScope.launch {
                                repository.insert(note)
                            }
                            
                            fun update(note: Note) = viewModelScope.launch {
                                repository.update(note)
                            }
                            
                            fun delete(note: Note) = viewModelScope.launch {
                                repository.delete(note)
                            }
                            
                            fun getNoteById(id: Long) = viewModelScope.launch {
                                repository.getNoteById(id)
                            }
                            
                            fun searchNotes(query: String) = repository.searchNotes(query).asLiveData()
                        }
                        class NoteViewModelFactory(private val repository: NoteRepository) : ViewModelProvider.Factory {
                            override fun  create(modelClass: Class): T {
                                if (modelClass.isAssignableFrom(NoteViewModel::class.java)) {
                                    @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
                                    return NoteViewModel(repository) as T
                                }
                                throw IllegalArgumentException("Unknown ViewModel class")
                            }
                        }
                        

                        6. 实现 UI 层

                        6.1 创建笔记列表 Activity

                        创建 NotesListActivity.kt 和对应的布局文件 activity_notes_list.xml

                        activity_notes_list.xml
                        
                            
                                
                                
                                    
                                
                            
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        NotesListActivity.kt
                        import android.content.Intent
                        import android.os.Bundle
                        import android.view.Menu
                        import android.view.MenuItem
                        import android.view.inputmethod.EditorInfo
                        import androidx.activity.viewModels
                        import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
                        import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager
                        import com.google.android.material.snackbar.Snackbar
                        import com.yourpackage.R
                        import com.yourpackage.adapter.NotesAdapter
                        import com.yourpackage.databinding.ActivityNotesListBinding
                        import com.yourpackage.model.Note
                        import com.yourpackage.viewmodel.NoteViewModel
                        import com.yourpackage.viewmodel.NoteViewModelFactory
                        class NotesListActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
                            
                            private lateinit var binding: ActivityNotesListBinding
                            private lateinit var notesAdapter: NotesAdapter
                            
                            private val viewModel: NoteViewModel by viewModels {
                                NoteViewModelFactory((application as NotesApplication).repository)
                            }
                            
                            override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
                                super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
                                binding = ActivityNotesListBinding.inflate(layoutInflater)
                                setContentView(binding.root)
                                
                                setSupportActionBar(binding.toolbar)
                                
                                setupRecyclerView()
                                setupSearch()
                                setupFAB()
                                observeNotes()
                            }
                            
                            private fun setupRecyclerView() {
                                notesAdapter = NotesAdapter { note ->
                                    // 点击笔记项时的操作
                                    val intent = Intent(this, NoteDetailActivity::class.java).apply {
                                        putExtra(NoteDetailActivity.EXTRA_NOTE_ID, note.id)
                                    }
                                    startActivity(intent)
                                }
                                
                                binding.notesRecyclerView.apply {
                                    layoutManager = LinearLayoutManager(this@NotesListActivity)
                                    adapter = notesAdapter
                                    setHasFixedSize(true)
                                }
                            }
                            
                            private fun setupSearch() {
                                binding.searchInput.setOnEditorActionListener { _, actionId, _ ->
                                    if (actionId == EditorInfo.IME_ACTION_SEARCH) {
                                        val query = binding.searchInput.text.toString().trim()
                                        if (query.isNotEmpty()) {
                                            viewModel.searchNotes(query).observe(this) { notes ->
                                                notesAdapter.submitList(notes)
                                            }
                                        } else {
                                            observeNotes() // 如果查询为空,返回所有笔记
                                        }
                                        true
                                    } else {
                                        false
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                            
                            private fun setupFAB() {
                                binding.fabAddNote.setOnClickListener {
                                    val intent = Intent(this, NoteDetailActivity::class.java)
                                    startActivity(intent)
                                }
                            }
                            
                            private fun observeNotes() {
                                viewModel.allNotes.observe(this) { notes ->
                                    notesAdapter.submitList(notes)
                                }
                            }
                            
                            override fun onCreateOptionsMenu(menu: Menu): Boolean {
                                menuInflater.inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu)
                                return true
                            }
                            
                            override fun onOptionsItemSelected(item: MenuItem): Boolean {
                                return when (item.itemId) {
                                    R.id.action_delete_all -> {
                                        deleteAllNotes()
                                        true
                                    }
                                    else -> super.onOptionsItemSelected(item)
                                }
                            }
                            
                            private fun deleteAllNotes() {
                                viewModel.allNotes.value?.let { notes ->
                                    if (notes.isNotEmpty()) {
                                        for (note in notes) {
                                            viewModel.delete(note)
                                        }
                                        Snackbar.make(binding.root, "All notes deleted", Snackbar.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        

                        6.2 创建笔记详情 Activity

                        创建 NoteDetailActivity.kt 和对应的布局文件 activity_note_detail.xml

                        activity_note_detail.xml
                        
                            
                                
                            
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                    
                                    
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                            
                        
                        
                        NoteDetailActivity.kt
                        import android.os.Bundle
                        import android.text.Editable
                        import android.text.TextWatcher
                        import android.view.MenuItem
                        import androidx.activity.viewModels
                        import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
                        import com.google.android.material.snackbar.Snackbar
                        import com.yourpackage.R
                        import com.yourpackage.databinding.ActivityNoteDetailBinding
                        import com.yourpackage.model.Note
                        import com.yourpackage.viewmodel.NoteViewModel
                        import com.yourpackage.viewmodel.NoteViewModelFactory
                        import java.util.*
                        class NoteDetailActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
                            
                            companion object {
                                const val EXTRA_NOTE_ID = "extra_note_id"
                            }
                            
                            private lateinit var binding: ActivityNoteDetailBinding
                            private val viewModel: NoteViewModel by viewModels {
                                NoteViewModelFactory((application as NotesApplication).repository)
                            }
                            
                            private var noteId: Long = -1L
                            private var isNewNote = true
                            
                            override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
                                super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
                                binding = ActivityNoteDetailBinding.inflate(layoutInflater)
                                setContentView(binding.root)
                                
                                setSupportActionBar(binding.toolbar)
                                supportActionBar?.setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true)
                                
                                noteId = intent.getLongExtra(EXTRA_NOTE_ID, -1L)
                                isNewNote = noteId == -1L
                                
                                if (!isNewNote) {
                                    loadNote()
                                }
                                
                                setupSaveButton()
                                setupTextWatchers()
                            }
                            
                            private fun loadNote() {
                                viewModel.getNoteById(noteId)
                                viewModel.allNotes.observe(this) { notes ->
                                    notes.find { it.id == noteId }?.let { note ->
                                        binding.titleInput.setText(note.title)
                                        binding.contentInput.setText(note.content)
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                            
                            private fun setupSaveButton() {
                                binding.fabSave.setOnClickListener {
                                    saveNote()
                                }
                            }
                            
                            private fun setupTextWatchers() {
                                binding.titleInput.addTextChangedListener(object : TextWatcher {
                                    override fun beforeTextChanged(s: CharSequence?, start: Int, count: Int, after: Int) {}
                                    override fun onTextChanged(s: CharSequence?, start: Int, before: Int, count: Int) {}
                                    override fun afterTextChanged(s: Editable?) {
                                        validateInputs()
                                    }
                                })
                                
                                binding.contentInput.addTextChangedListener(object : TextWatcher {
                                    override fun beforeTextChanged(s: CharSequence?, start: Int, count: Int, after: Int) {}
                                    override fun onTextChanged(s: CharSequence?, start: Int, before: Int, count: Int) {}
                                    override fun afterTextChanged(s: Editable?) {
                                        validateInputs()
                                    }
                                })
                            }
                            
                            private fun validateInputs(): Boolean {
                                val titleValid = binding.titleInput.text?.isNotBlank() ?: false
                                val contentValid = binding.contentInput.text?.isNotBlank() ?: false
                                
                                binding.titleLayout.error = if (!titleValid) getString(R.string.title_required) else null
                                binding.contentLayout.error = if (!contentValid) getString(R.string.content_required) else null
                                
                                return titleValid && contentValid
                            }
                            
                            private fun saveNote() {
                                if (!validateInputs()) return
                                
                                val title = binding.titleInput.text.toString()
                                val content = binding.contentInput.text.toString()
                                
                                if (isNewNote) {
                                    val note = Note(title = title, content = content)
                                    viewModel.insert(note)
                                    Snackbar.make(binding.root, "Note saved", Snackbar.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
                                    finish()
                                } else {
                                    viewModel.allNotes.value?.find { it.id == noteId }?.let { existingNote ->
                                        val updatedNote = existingNote.copy(
                                            title = title,
                                            content = content,
                                            updated_at = Date()
                                        )
                                        viewModel.update(updatedNote)
                                        Snackbar.make(binding.root, "Note updated", Snackbar.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
                                        finish()
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                            
                            override fun onOptionsItemSelected(item: MenuItem): Boolean {
                                return when (item.itemId) {
                                    android.R.id.home -> {
                                        onBackPressed()
                                        true
                                    }
                                    else -> super.onOptionsItemSelected(item)
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        

                        6.3 创建 RecyclerView Adapter

                        在 com.yourpackage.adapter 包下创建 NotesAdapter.kt 文件:

                        import android.view.LayoutInflater
                        import android.view.View
                        import android.view.ViewGroup
                        import androidx.recyclerview.widget.DiffUtil
                        import androidx.recyclerview.widget.ListAdapter
                        import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
                        import com.yourpackage.R
                        import com.yourpackage.databinding.ItemNoteBinding
                        import com.yourpackage.model.Note
                        import java.text.SimpleDateFormat
                        import java.util.*
                        class NotesAdapter(private val onItemClick: (Note) -> Unit) :
                            ListAdapter(NoteDiffCallback()) {
                            
                            override fun onCreateViewHolder(parent: ViewGroup, viewType: Int): NoteViewHolder {
                                val binding = ItemNoteBinding.inflate(
                                    LayoutInflater.from(parent.context),
                                    parent,
                                    false
                                )
                                return NoteViewHolder(binding, onItemClick)
                            }
                            
                            override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: NoteViewHolder, position: Int) {
                                holder.bind(getItem(position))
                            }
                            
                            class NoteViewHolder(
                                private val binding: ItemNoteBinding,
                                private val onItemClick: (Note) -> Unit
                            ) : RecyclerView.ViewHolder(binding.root) {
                                
                                fun bind(note: Note) {
                                    binding.apply {
                                        noteTitle.text = note.title
                                        noteContent.text = note.content
                                        
                                        val dateFormat = SimpleDateFormat("MMM dd, yyyy - hh:mm a", Locale.getDefault())
                                        noteDate.text = dateFormat.format(note.updated_at)
                                        
                                        root.setOnClickListener {
                                            onItemClick(note)
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                            
                            private class NoteDiffCallback : DiffUtil.ItemCallback() {
                                override fun areItemsTheSame(oldItem: Note, newItem: Note): Boolean {
                                    return oldItem.id == newItem.id
                                }
                                
                                override fun areContentsTheSame(oldItem: Note, newItem: Note): Boolean {
                                    return oldItem == newItem
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        

                        创建对应的列表项布局文件 item_note.xml:

                        
                            
                                
                                
                                
                            
                        
                        

                        6.4 创建 Application 类

                        在 com.yourpackage 包下创建 NotesApplication.kt 文件:

                        import android.app.Application
                        import com.yourpackage.database.AppDatabase
                        import com.yourpackage.repository.NoteRepository
                        class NotesApplication : Application() {
                            
                            val database by lazy { AppDatabase.getDatabase(this) }
                            val repository by lazy { NoteRepository(database.noteDao()) }
                        }
                        

                        更新 AndroidManifest.xml 文件,添加 android:name 属性:

                            
                        
                        

                        7. 添加菜单资源

                        在 res/menu 目录下创建 menu_main.xml 文件:

                        
                            
                            
                        
                        

                        8. 添加字符串资源

                        在 res/values/strings.xml 文件中添加以下字符串:

                            SQLite Notes
                            Title
                            Content
                            Search notes...
                            Add new note
                            Save note
                            Delete all notes
                            Title is required
                            Content is required
                        
                        

                        9. 添加图标资源

                        确保在 res/drawable 目录下有以下矢量图标:

                        • ic_add.xml (添加按钮图标)
                        • ic_save.xml (保存按钮图标)
                        • ic_delete.xml (删除按钮图标)

                          10. 运行和测试应用

                          现在,您可以运行应用程序并测试以下功能:

                          1. 添加新笔记
                          2. 查看笔记列表
                          3. 编辑现有笔记
                          4. 删除笔记
                          5. 搜索笔记
                          6. 删除所有笔记

                          11. 数据库调试技巧

                          11.1 查看数据库内容

                          1. 在 Android Studio 中打开 “Device File Explorer” (View -> Tool Windows -> Device File Explorer)
                          2. 导航到 /data/data/com.yourpackage/databases/
                          3. 找到 notes_database 文件
                          4. 右键点击并选择 “Save As” 将其保存到本地
                          5. 使用 SQLite 浏览器工具(如 DB Browser for SQLite)打开该文件查看内容

                          11.2 使用 Stetho 进行调试

                          添加 Stetho 依赖到 build.gradle:

                          implementation 'com.facebook.stetho:stetho:1.6.0'
                          

                          在 NotesApplication.kt 中初始化 Stetho:

                          import com.facebook.stetho.Stetho
                          class NotesApplication : Application() {
                              override fun onCreate() {
                                  super.onCreate()
                                  Stetho.initializeWithDefaults(this)
                              }
                              
                              // 其他代码...
                          }
                          

                          运行应用后,在 Chrome 浏览器中访问 chrome://inspect 可以查看和调试数据库。

                          12. 数据库迁移

                          当您需要更改数据库结构时(例如添加新表或修改现有表),需要进行数据库迁移。

                          12.1 修改实体类

                          例如,我们要为 Note 添加一个 is_pinned 字段:

                          @Entity(tableName = "notes")
                          data class Note(
                              // 现有字段...
                              var is_pinned: Boolean = false
                          )
                          

                          12.2 更新数据库版本

                          修改 AppDatabase.kt:

                          @Database(entities = [Note::class], version = 2, exportSchema = false)
                          abstract class AppDatabase : RoomDatabase() {
                              // ...
                          }
                          

                          12.3 添加迁移策略

                          val migration1to2 = object : Migration(1, 2) {
                              override fun migrate(database: SupportSQLiteDatabase) {
                                  database.execSQL("ALTER TABLE notes ADD COLUMN is_pinned INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0")
                              }
                          }
                          // 在 databaseBuilder 中添加迁移
                          val instance = Room.databaseBuilder(
                              context.applicationContext,
                              AppDatabase::class.java,
                              "notes_database"
                          )
                              .addMigrations(migration1to2)
                              .build()
                          

                          13. 性能优化建议

                          1. 使用事务:对于批量操作,使用事务可以显著提高性能:
                          @Dao
                          interface NoteDao {
                              @Transaction
                              suspend fun insertAll(notes: List) {
                                  notes.forEach { insertNote(it) }
                              }
                          }
                          
                          1. 索引优化:为常用查询字段添加索引:
                          @Entity(tableName = "notes", indices = [Index(value = ["title"], unique = false)])
                          data class Note(
                              // ...
                          )
                          
                          1. 分页加载:对于大量数据,使用 Paging 库:
                          @Query("SELECT * FROM notes ORDER BY updated_at DESC")
                          fun getPagedNotes(): PagingSource
                          
                          1. 避免在主线程操作数据库:始终确保数据库操作在后台线程执行。

                          14. 完整项目结构

                          最终项目结构应类似于:

                          com.yourpackage
                          ├── adapter
                          │   └── NotesAdapter.kt
                          ├── dao
                          │   └── NoteDao.kt
                          ├── database
                          │   └── AppDatabase.kt
                          ├── model
                          │   └── Note.kt
                          ├── repository
                          │   └── NoteRepository.kt
                          ├── ui
                          │   ├── NotesListActivity.kt
                          │   └── NoteDetailActivity.kt
                          ├── viewmodel
                          │   ├── NoteViewModel.kt
                          │   └── NoteViewModelFactory.kt
                          └── NotesApplication.kt
                          

                          15. 总结

                          本指南详细介绍了在 Android Studio 中使用 SQLite 数据库的完整开发流程,包括:

                          1. 设置项目和依赖
                          2. 设计数据库结构
                          3. 实现 Room 数据库组件(Entity, DAO, Database)
                          4. 创建 Repository 层
                          5. 实现 ViewModel
                          6. 构建用户界面
                          7. 添加数据库迁移支持
                          8. 性能优化建议

                          通过遵循这些步骤,您可以构建一个功能完善、结构清晰的 Android 应用,充分利用 SQLite 数据库的强大功能。

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