鸿蒙OS&UniApp 移动端直播流播放实战:打造符合鸿蒙设计风格的播放器#三方框架 #Uniapp
UniApp 移动端直播流播放实战:打造符合鸿蒙设计风格的播放器
在移动互联网时代,直播已经成为一种主流的内容形式。本文将详细介绍如何使用 UniApp 框架开发一个优雅的直播流播放器,并融入鸿蒙系统的设计理念,实现一个既美观又实用的播放功能。
设计理念
在开发直播播放器之前,我们需要深入理解鸿蒙系统的设计哲学。鸿蒙系统强调"自然、统一、高效"的设计原则,这些特点将贯穿我们的整个功能实现过程:
- 自然:播放器的控制要符合用户的使用习惯
- 统一:视觉元素要保持一致性,符合系统设计规范
- 高效:确保流畅的播放体验和快速的加载速度
- 优雅:在各种状态下都保持良好的视觉表现
技术方案
在实现直播流播放功能时,我们需要考虑以下几个关键点:
- 播放器选型:使用原生组件 live-player
- 协议支持:RTMP、FLV、HLS 等主流直播协议
- 状态管理:加载中、播放中、错误等状态处理
- 性能优化:控制内存占用,优化渲染性能
- 交互设计:手势控制、全屏切换等
组件实现
1. 直播播放器组件
首先实现一个基础的直播播放器组件:
{{ title }} {{ formatNumber(onlineCount) }}人观看 {{ item.label }} 直播加载中... {{ errorMessage }} 重试 const CONTROL_HIDE_TIMEOUT = 3000 // 控制栏自动隐藏时间 export default { name: 'HarmonyLivePlayer', props: { src: { type: String, required: true }, title: { type: String, default: '' }, mode: { type: String, default: 'RTC' // RTC模式延迟更低 }, autoplay: { type: Boolean, default: true }, qualities: { type: Array, default: () => [] }, onlineCount: { type: Number, default: 0 } }, data() { return { isPlaying: false, isMuted: false, isLoading: true, hasError: false, errorMessage: '', isFullscreen: false, showControls: true, controlTimer: null, currentQuality: '', objectFit: 'contain', orientation: 'vertical', netStatus: {} } }, watch: { src: { handler(newVal) { if (newVal) { this.hasError = false this.errorMessage = '' this.isLoading = true this.startPlay() } }, immediate: true } }, mounted() { // 初始化播放器 this.initPlayer() // 监听触摸事件以显示/隐藏控制栏 this.initTouchListeners() }, beforeDestroy() { this.clearControlTimer() this.stopPlay() }, methods: { initPlayer() { // 设置默认清晰度 if (this.qualities.length > 0) { this.currentQuality = this.qualities[0].value } // 初始化播放状态 if (this.autoplay) { this.startPlay() } }, initTouchListeners() { const player = this.$refs.livePlayer if (!player) return player.$el.addEventListener('touchstart', () => { this.toggleControls() }) }, startPlay() { const player = this.$refs.livePlayer if (!player) return player.play({ success: () => { this.isPlaying = true this.isLoading = false this.startControlTimer() }, fail: (err) => { this.handleError(err) } }) }, stopPlay() { const player = this.$refs.livePlayer if (!player) return player.stop() this.isPlaying = false }, togglePlay() { if (this.isPlaying) { this.stopPlay() } else { this.startPlay() } }, toggleMute() { this.isMuted = !this.isMuted }, toggleFullscreen() { const player = this.$refs.livePlayer if (!player) return if (this.isFullscreen) { player.exitFullScreen({ success: () => { this.isFullscreen = false this.orientation = 'vertical' } }) } else { player.requestFullScreen({ direction: 0, success: () => { this.isFullscreen = true this.orientation = 'horizontal' } }) } }, switchQuality(quality) { if (this.currentQuality === quality) return this.currentQuality = quality this.$emit('quality-change', quality) }, handleStateChange(e) { const state = e.detail.code switch (state) { case 2001: // 已经连接 this.isLoading = false this.isPlaying = true break case 2002: // 已经开始播放 this.isLoading = false break case 2103: // 网络断连 this.handleError({ errMsg: '网络连接断开' }) break } }, handleNetStatus(e) { this.netStatus = e.detail this.$emit('net-status', e.detail) }, handleError(e) { this.hasError = true this.isPlaying = false this.isLoading = false this.errorMessage = e.errMsg || '播放出错,请重试' this.$emit('error', e) }, retry() { this.hasError = false this.errorMessage = '' this.isLoading = true this.startPlay() }, toggleControls() { this.showControls = !this.showControls if (this.showControls) { this.startControlTimer() } }, startControlTimer() { this.clearControlTimer() this.controlTimer = setTimeout(() => { this.showControls = false }, CONTROL_HIDE_TIMEOUT) }, clearControlTimer() { if (this.controlTimer) { clearTimeout(this.controlTimer) this.controlTimer = null } }, formatNumber(num) { if (num >= 10000) { return (num / 10000).toFixed(1) + 'w' } return num.toString() } } } .harmony-live-player { position: relative; width: 100%; background-color: #000000; &.fullscreen { position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; z-index: 999; } .player { width: 100%; height: 100%; } .player-controls { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; background: linear-gradient( to bottom, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0%, transparent 40%, transparent 60%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 100% ); opacity: 0; transition: opacity 0.3s ease; &.controls-visible { opacity: 1; } .top-bar { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; height: 88rpx; padding: 0 32rpx; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; .title { color: #ffffff; font-size: 32rpx; font-weight: 500; } .online-count { color: #ffffff; font-size: 24rpx; opacity: 0.8; } } .bottom-bar { position: absolute; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0; height: 88rpx; padding: 0 32rpx; display: flex; align-items: center; .control-btn { width: 80rpx; height: 80rpx; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; .iconfont { color: #ffffff; font-size: 48rpx; } &:active { opacity: 0.7; } } .quality-switch { flex: 1; display: flex; justify-content: center; gap: 24rpx; text { color: #ffffff; font-size: 24rpx; padding: 8rpx 16rpx; border-radius: 32rpx; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2); &.active { background-color: #2979ff; } &:active { opacity: 0.7; } } } } } .loading-layer { position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; .loading-animation { width: 64rpx; height: 64rpx; border: 4rpx solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1); border-top-color: #ffffff; border-radius: 50%; animation: spin 1s linear infinite; } .loading-text { color: #ffffff; font-size: 28rpx; margin-top: 16rpx; } } .error-layer { position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; .error-icon { font-size: 80rpx; color: #ffffff; margin-bottom: 16rpx; } .error-text { color: #ffffff; font-size: 28rpx; margin-bottom: 32rpx; } .retry-btn { padding: 16rpx 48rpx; background-color: #2979ff; color: #ffffff; font-size: 28rpx; border-radius: 44rpx; &:active { opacity: 0.9; } } } } @keyframes spin { to { transform: rotate(360deg); } }
2. 使用示例
下面展示如何在页面中使用直播播放器组件:
{{ liveInfo.anchorName }} {{ formatNumber(liveInfo.fansCount) }}粉丝 {{ isFollowed ? '已关注' : '关注' }} 观看 {{ formatNumber(liveInfo.viewCount) }} 点赞 {{ formatNumber(liveInfo.likeCount) }} 分享 {{ formatNumber(liveInfo.shareCount) }} import HarmonyLivePlayer from '@/components/harmony-live-player/harmony-live-player' export default { components: { HarmonyLivePlayer }, data() { return { liveUrl: '', qualities: [ { label: '标清', value: 'SD' }, { label: '高清', value: 'HD' }, { label: '超清', value: 'FHD' } ], liveInfo: { title: '直播标题', anchorName: '主播昵称', anchorAvatar: '/static/default-avatar.png', onlineCount: 0, viewCount: 0, likeCount: 0, shareCount: 0, fansCount: 0 }, isFollowed: false } }, onLoad(options) { // 获取直播信息 this.fetchLiveInfo(options.id) }, methods: { async fetchLiveInfo(id) { try { // 这里替换为实际的API调用 const response = await this.$api.getLiveInfo(id) this.liveInfo = response.data this.liveUrl = response.data.playUrl } catch (error) { uni.showToast({ title: '获取直播信息失败', icon: 'none' }) } }, handlePlayError(error) { console.error('播放错误:', error) uni.showToast({ title: '播放出错,请重试', icon: 'none' }) }, handleQualityChange(quality) { console.log('切换清晰度:', quality) // 这里可以根据清晰度切换不同的播放地址 }, handleNetStatus(status) { console.log('网络状态:', status) // 这里可以根据网络状态做相应处理 }, toggleFollow() { this.isFollowed = !this.isFollowed // 调用关注/取消关注API }, formatNumber(num) { if (num >= 10000) { return (num / 10000).toFixed(1) + 'w' } return num.toString() } } } .live-page { min-height: 100vh; background-color: #f5f5f5; .live-info { padding: 32rpx; background-color: #ffffff; .anchor-info { display: flex; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 32rpx; .avatar { width: 88rpx; height: 88rpx; border-radius: 44rpx; margin-right: 24rpx; } .info-content { flex: 1; .anchor-name { font-size: 32rpx; color: #333333; font-weight: 500; margin-bottom: 8rpx; } .fans-count { font-size: 24rpx; color: #999999; } } .follow-btn { padding: 16rpx 48rpx; background-color: #2979ff; color: #ffffff; font-size: 28rpx; border-radius: 44rpx; &.followed { background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #666666; } &:active { opacity: 0.9; } } } .live-stats { display: flex; justify-content: space-around; padding: 24rpx 0; border-top: 2rpx solid #f5f5f5; .stat-item { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; .label { font-size: 24rpx; color: #999999; margin-bottom: 8rpx; } .value { font-size: 32rpx; color: #333333; font-weight: 500; } } } } }
性能优化
- 预加载优化
为了提升直播加载速度,我们可以在进入直播间前预加载资源:
// utils/preload.js export const preloadLiveStream = (url) => { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { const context = uni.createLivePlayerContext('preload-player') context.play({ success: () => { setTimeout(() => { context.stop() resolve() }, 100) }, fail: reject }) }) }
- 状态管理优化
使用 Vuex 管理直播相关状态:
// store/modules/live.js export default { state: { currentLive: null, quality: 'HD', netStatus: {} }, mutations: { SET_CURRENT_LIVE(state, live) { state.currentLive = live }, SET_QUALITY(state, quality) { state.quality = quality }, UPDATE_NET_STATUS(state, status) { state.netStatus = status } }, actions: { async enterLive({ commit }, liveId) { try { const live = await api.getLiveInfo(liveId) commit('SET_CURRENT_LIVE', live) return live } catch (error) { throw error } } } }
- 内存优化
在离开直播页面时,及时释放资源:
export default { onUnload() { // 停止播放 this.$refs.livePlayer.stopPlay() // 清理定时器 this.clearAllTimers() // 重置状态 this.$store.commit('SET_CURRENT_LIVE', null) } }
适配建议
- 网络适配
根据网络状况自动调整清晰度:
handleNetStatus(status) { if (status.netSpeed 5000 && this.currentQuality === 'SD') { // 网速较快时切换到高清 this.switchQuality('HD') } }
- 横竖屏适配
.harmony-live-player { &.fullscreen { .player-controls { .bottom-bar { padding: 0 48rpx; height: 120rpx; } .quality-switch { text { font-size: 28rpx; padding: 12rpx 24rpx; } } } } }
总结
通过本文的讲解,我们实现了一个功能完整的移动端直播播放器。该播放器不仅具有优雅的界面设计,还融入了鸿蒙系统的设计理念,同时考虑了性能优化和多端适配等实际开发中的重要因素。
在实际开发中,我们还可以根据具体需求扩展更多功能:
- 弹幕系统
- 礼物特效
- 互动游戏
- 直播回放
- 防盗链处理
希望这篇文章能够帮助你更好地理解如何在 UniApp 中开发高质量的直播功能,同时也能为你的实际项目开发提供有价值的参考。
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